The following residency statuses are the options given by West Virginia along with descriptions listed in the instructions for Form IT-140.
Resident:
According to the West Virginia instructions, a Resident is an individual who spends more than 30 days in the state with the intention of becoming a West Virginia resident OR is physically present in the state for more than 183 days.
Nonresident:
A Nonresident is an individual that is a resident of West Virginia and spends less than 30 days a year in West Virginia and maintains a permanent residence outside of West Virginia; or is a resident of another state and does not spend more than 183 days a year in West Virginia.
Part-Year Resident:
A Part-Year Resident is an individual that moves into or out of West Virginia.
What if I am a resident but my spouse is not?
If a joint federal return was filed and one spouse is a resident and the other is not, you can file as married filing joint or married filing separate. A married filing joint return will report all income- no matter where earned. A Married filing separate return needs to be filed only by the taxpayer that has a West Virginia filing requirement.
To file a separate return within your account, you can file the federal return and wait for the return to be accepted. Then, change the filing status for the primary taxpayer and file a separate return for the first spouse. The second spouse will need to create a new account and file the separate state return in that account (if required to file).